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Executive Summary

This survey is based on a sample of 3,627 households, of which 2,502 household in Area J1 (that part of Jerusalem governorate which was annexed by Israel in 1967), 2,224 of them were completed during the fieldwork, and 1,125 households in Area J2 (the rest of the governorate), 778 of them were completed.

1. Population:

  • The total estimated population in Jerusalem governorate in midyear 2003 was projected to 394,105 persons, of which 249,270 persons in Area J1 and 144,835 persons in Area J2. The population in Jerusalem governorate constitutes 10.8% of the total population in the Palestinian Territory and 17.1% of the population in the West Bank.
  • The sex ratio in Jerusalem governorate amounts 102.1 males per hundred females, of which 100.5 in Area J1 and 105.0 in Area J2.
  • The estimated percentage of Persons aged less than 15 years is 42.3% of the total population in Jerusalem governorate, while those aged 65 years and over were estimated to 3.3%.
  • The total dependency ratio in Jerusalem governorate amounted to 83.8%, of which 80.9% in Area J1 and 89.0% in Area J2.
  • The median age for the Palestinians in Jerusalem governorate was amounted to 18 years distributed by 19 years in Area J1 and 17 years in Area J2.
  • The median age at first marriage in Jerusalem governorate amounted to 24 years for males and 18 years for females.
  • The average household size was amounted to 5.4 persons, of which 5.3 persons in Area J1 and 5.6 persons in Area J2.
  • The nuclear households constitute about 80.0% of the total private households in Jerusalem governorate, while in the Palestinian territory it constitutes about 81.4% and 81.7% in the west Bank for the year 2002.

2. Public Health:

  • 84.8% of persons in Jerusalem governorate reported to have some sort of health insurance (61.5% in Area J1 and 98.2% in Area J2).
  • The results reveal that 27.2% of persons aged 18 years and over in Jerusalem governorate practice smoking habit (26.9% in Area J1 and 27.7% in Area J2).

3. Education:

  • The enrollment rate in kindergartens amounted to 45.3% of total children aged 4-5 years in Jerusalem governorate (46.6% in Area J1 and 43.3% in Area J2), the schools enrollment rate amounted to 39.4% of total persons aged 5 years and over (38.8% in Area J1 and 40.6% in Area J2).
  • Illiteracy rate in Jerusalem governorate amount to 6.6% of total persons aged 15 years and over (5.6% in Area J1 and 8.5% in Area J2).
  • The drop-out rate in Jerusalem governorate amount to 23.5% of total persons aged 5 years and over (21.5% in Area J1 and 27.0% in Area J2).

4. Labor force:

  • Labor force participation rate for persons aged 15 years and over in Jerusalem governorate was 38.3% (36.7% in Area J1 and 41.2% in Area J2).
  • Unemployment rate in Jerusalem gorvernorate for persons aged 15 years and over was 24.5% (19.3 in Area J1 and 33.0% in Area J2).

5. Housing and Housing Conditions:

  • The average number of rooms per housing unit in Jerusalem governorate was 3.1 rooms (2.9 rooms in Area J1 and 3.5 in Area J2).
  • The average housing density in Jerusalem governorate was 1.7 persons per room (1.8 persons in Area J1 and 1.6 persons in Area J2)

6. Living Levels:

  • The wages from the private sector is considered the main source of the household income in Jerusalem governorate, which amount to 28.5% of the total households (23.6% in Area J1 and 37.5% in Area J2), followed by the income from the Israeli sectors which 22.6% household reported it as a main source of income (26.2% in Area J1 and 16.2% in Area J2).

Chapter One

Introduction

The Jerusalem household social survey, 2003 is one of the most important statistical activities conducted by PCBS. This survey is important due to the fact that it is the most detailed and comprehensive statistical activity conducted in Jerusalem, although PCBS covers the governorate in its regular statistical program. The survey is based on a relatively large scale sample, which provides researchers with a good opportunity for more in-depth analysis. The survey provides up-to-date statistical data on demography, economics, living levels and housing conditions of population in Jerusalem governorate.

1.1 Survey Objectives:

The main objective of the Jerusalem household social survey, 2003 is to provide basic information about demographic, social and economic characteristics of the Palestinian people in Jerusalem. In particular, the survey aims to provide statistical information about the following aspects:

  1. Demographic and social characteristics for the Palestinian society in Jerusalem governorate including age-sex structure.
  2. Illiteracy rate, enrollment and drop-out rates by background characteristics.
  3. Labor force status, unemployment rate, occupation, economic activity, employment status, place of work and wage levels.
  4. Culture and mass media indicators including, reading news papers and magazines, television and video watching, computer usage, and cultural activities.
  5. Housing and housing conditions, including type and tenure of housing unit, construction material of external walls, number of rooms, availability of services and durable goods, main source of energy, and surrounding environment (smelling, noise, dusty and smoke).
  6. Living levels and impact of Israeli measures on nutrition behavior during Al-Aqsa intifada.
  7. Criminal offence, its victims, and the harms that caused by.
  8. Other related indicators.

1.2 Report Structure:

This report consists of five chapters. The first chapter presents the survey objectives and report structure. The second chapter presents definitions and concepts used in developing the questionnaire and other research tools. The third chapter describes the main findings, the fourth chapter presents the methodology used in the survey, questionnaire design, sampling design, response rate, in addition to the fieldwork operation and data processing. Finally, chapter five presents an assessment of data quality. The main tables are also provided.

Chapter Two

Definitions and Concepts

Household:

The household was defined as one person or a group of persons with or without a family relationship, who live in the same housing unit or part of a housing unit, share meals and make joint provision of food and other essentials of living.

Household Membership:

Persons staying in the dwelling unit at the time of an interview are considered members of the household if (1) the dwelling unit is their usual or only place of residence, or (2) a place of residence is maintained for them here and elsewhere, but they spend most of their time in this residence.

Head of Household:

The person who usually lives with the household and is recognized as head of household by its other members. Often he/she is the main decision-maker or responsible for financial support and welfare of the household at the time the survey is conducted

Room:

 

The housing unit or part of the housing unit surrounded with walls and has a ceiling, provided that its area is not less than 4m2. If the area of the glassy balcony equals or surpasses more than 4m2 and is used for living purposes, it is considered a room. Likewise, the salon or living room is considered a room. The kitchen, bathroom, paths and toilet are not considered rooms. Areas allocated for animals and poultry along with those used for work purposes, only, are not considered rooms.

Area J1:

Includes those parts of Jerusalem, which were annexed forcefully by Israel following its occupation of the West Bank in 1967. These parts include the following localities: (Beit Hanina, Shufat Refugees Camp, Shufat, Al Isawiya, Sheikh Jarrah, Wadi Al - Joz, Bab Al-Sahira, As Suwwana, At -Tur, Jerusalem Al - Quds), Ash - Shayyah, Ras Al-Amud, Silwan, Ath Thuri, Jabal Al Mukabbir, As Sawahira Al Gharbiya, Beit Safafa, Sharafat, Sur Bahir, and Um Tuba).

Area J2:

Includes the remaining parts of the governorate, namely: Rafat, Kafr Aqab, Mikhmas, Qalandiya Camp, Jaba (Tajammu Badawi), Qalandiya, Beit Duqqu, Jaba, Al Judeira, Ar Ram & Dahiyat al Bareed, Beit Anan, Al Jib, Bir Nabala, Beit Ijza, Al Qu, Kharayib Umm al Lahim, Biddu, An Nabi Samwil, Hizma, Beit Hanina al Balad, Qatanna, Beit Surik, Beit Iksa, Anata, Al Kaabina (Tajammu Badawi), Az Zaayyem, Al Eizariya, Abu Dis, Arab al Jahalin, As Sawahira ash Sharqiyeh, Ash Sheik Sad.

Pilot Survey:

Duplication of the final proposed survey design on a small scale from beginning to end.

Age:

The completed age in years of the enumerated person, which is the difference between the date of birth and the survey reference period. The exact age is the time elapsed between the day of birth and a given day, including parts of a year.

Date of Birth

It refers to the date in which the person was born. It is normally comprised of three cells: day, month and year according to the official identification documents such as the birth of certificate, passport, ..etc.

Sex Ratio:

The number of males per 100 females in a population.

Total Dependency Ratio:

Defined as the ratio of the elderly ages (those 65 years and over) plus the young (those under 15 years of age) to the population in the working ages (those 15-64 years of age).

Nuclear household:

It refers to households comprised of a couple only; a couple and a son or a daughter or more; a male head of a household with a son or a daughter or more. A Female head of a household with a son or a daughter or more, no other relatives or non-relatives live with this household.

Extended Household:

It refers to household comprised of one or more nuclear households with one or more relatives yet no other non relatives live with this household. It might be comprised of two or more related but not married persons. It must be comprised of a head of a household and a minimum of one relative member (other than a spouse or a child). However, it does not include any non- relative members.

Composite Household:

It refers to households comprised of one or more unclear households with one or more relatives related to the head of the household and a minimum of one non relative member. It might be comprised of two or more unrelated and unmarried persons. It must be comprised of a head of a household and a minimum of one non relative member irrespective of the other household members.

Average of Household Size:

It refers to the average number of private household members calculated through dividing the total number of members for a certain category by the number of households for that particular category.

Refugee Status:

This Status relates to the Palestinians forced to leave their land in the Palestinian Territories occupied by Israel in 1948. It applies to their male sons and grandsons, it can be one of the following categories:

  1. Refugee: It applies to registered refugees in UNRWA holding refugee registration cards issued by UNRWA and unregistered refugees who do not hold refugee registration cards issued by UNRWA.
  2. Non-Refugee: It applies to any Palestinian not categorized under any of the two aforementioned statuses.

Chronic Disease:

A disorder or impairment of the normal state of well-being, that diagnoses by doctor and needs continuously and regular by treatment, e.g: Diabetes, Blood pressure and cardiac diseases.

Health Insurance:

Indemnity coverage against financial losses associated with the occurrence or treatment of health problem.

Educational Attendance:

Attendance means registering the person in any formal education stage irrespective of whether it took the form of continuous attendance or distant learning. Formal education stages include the elementary stage, preparatory stage, (both of which are referred to as the basic stage), secondary stage, and higher education stage.

(universities, colleges, vocational institutes, etc.). Enrollment categories are as follows: 

1. Attending : It applies if the person is currently enrolled in a regular education stage. 2. Attended and left: It applies if the person unsuccessfully left a regular education stage, i.e. without obtaining any degree. 3. Attended and graduated: It applies if the person successfully graduated from a regular education stage and did not enroll in any stage after that. 4. Never attended: It applies if the person is not currently enrolled and was never enrolled in any regular education stage.

Government School:

Any educational institution run by MOE or any other ministry or governmental instrument

UNRWA School:

Any school run or supervised by UNRWA.

Private School:

Any licensed local or foreign non-governmental educational institution.

Jerusalem Municipality and the Israeli Ministry of Education School:

Any school run or supervised by the Jerusalem municipality and the Israeli ministry of education.

Kindergarten:

Any educational institution licensed by MOE offering education to four or five year olds. Kindergarten Consists of the first and second grades

Drop-Out Student:

A student who left school during the last scholastic year and who did not transfer to another school.

Years of Schooling Completed:

For persons currently attending, attended and left, or successfully graduated, reference shall be made to the successfully completed formal educational years (completed years.) It neither includes drop out years, failure years nor ongoing educational year. Educational training courses are not included among the years of regular study.

Labor Force:

The economically active population (Labor Force) consist of all persons aged 15 years and over who were rather employed or unemployed, as defined over, at the time of the survey.

Persons Outside Labor:

The population not economically active comprises all persons 15 years and over, who were neither employed nor unemployed according to the definitions above.

Employed:

It refers to the person engaged in a certain productive activity or work, irrespective of whether he/she was an employer, self-employed, wage employed, unpaid family member or other. The employed person is normally classified in one of two categories according to the number of weekly working hours, i.e. 1-14 working hours and 15 working hours and above.

Unemployed:

It refers to all persons who did not work at all during the reference week, who were not absent from a job and were available for work and actively seeking a job during the reference week. Persons who worked in Israel and were absent from work due to closure are considered unemployed.

Occupation:

Occupation refers to the kind of work done during the reference period by the person employed, or the kind of work done previously if unemployed, irrespective of the Economic Activity or the employment status of the person. Occupations are grouped together mainly on the basis of the similarity of skills required to fulfill the tasks and duties of the job. Occupations are classified according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO 1988).

Economic Activity:

Economic Activity refers to the activity of the establishment in which an employed person worked during the reference period, or last worked if unemployed. This activity is defined in terms of the kind of goods produced or services supplied by the unit in which the person works. Economic activities are classified according to the unified commodity classification in the West Bank and Gaza Strip which is based on the International Standard Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev3).

Marital Status:

It refers to the marital status of the person aged 12 years and above in the reference date of the survey. The marriage laws. Customs and traditions applicable in the country govern the marital status of the individual. The marital status is classified as follows:

 

Never married: It applies if the person aged 12 years and above has not been married (according to customs and traditions applicable in the country.

 

Legally : It applies if the person-aged 12 years and above has an official marriage document (issued by a competent court) but has not been actually married yet according to customs and traditions applicable in the country.
 

Married: It applies if the persons aged 12 years and above are actually and officially married (according to customs and traditions applicable in the country) irrespective of his, her past marital status as well as of whether the couple were together during the reference date or not.
 

Divorced: The person aged 12 years and above who previously married and legally divorced but was not married again.
 

Widowed: The married person aged 12 years whose marriage was split by the death of the spouse and was not married again.
 

Separated: The person aged 12 years and above who was married, but his/ her marriage was revoked for some reason without any legal or official registration, and he/ she did not marry again.

Age at First Marriage:

refers to the age (completed years) of the person in the actual marriage date.

Housing Unit:

A building or part of a building constructed for one household only, with one or more independent entrance leading to the public road without passing through another housing unit. The unit might not be constructed for living purposes but found occupied with a household during the enumeration. Likewise, the unit might not be utilized for habitation or for work purposes or both purposes. Also, it might be closed, vacant or occupied by one or more households during the census.

Tenure of Housing Unit

It refers to the household tenure of the housing unit that could be one of the following categories: Owned, rented and other which includes for work or without payment.

Average of Housing Density

It refers to the average number of persons living in the room. This average calculated through dividing the total number of individuals for a certain category by the total number of rooms for the particular category.

Drain

It is an indirect confiscation type of land or property or estates. It is used by Israeli authorities to buy Palestinian property through third party, when Palestinian people refuse to sell Israeli side.

Crime

Any act involving of laws or public rights duties towards the state or society in general.

Victim:

The person affected by an offense or loss or prey to catastrophic, criminal or brutal events. Any person who was offended and whose properties were partially or totally affected by a criminal act or incident is classified as a victim.

Properties

All movable and fixed assets belonging to the individuals (household members) regardless of whether they were inside or outside the house.

Assault:

Refers to physical attack against persons, but excludes indecent assault. Some criminal or penal codes distinguish between aggravated and simple assault depending on the degree of resulting injuries.

Theft:

Refers to the removal of property without the property owners consent. Theft excludes burglary and house breaking; it includes the theft of motor vehicle, shoplifting and other minor offenses, e.g. pilfering and petty theft may or may not be included as thefts.

 Chapter Three

Main Findings

3.1 Population:

The total population in Jerusalem governorate in mid 2003 was projected to 394,105 persons, of which 249,270 in Area J1 and 144,835 in Area J2, the population in Jerusalem governorate constitutes 10.8% of the total population in the Palestinian Territory, and 17.1% of the population in the West Bank.

The sex ratio in Jerusalem governorate amounts to 102.1 males per hundred females, of which 100.5 in Area J1 and 105.0 in Area J2. The corresponding figure for the Palestinian Territory is 102.3, of which 102.5 in the West Bank and 102.0 in Gaza Strip.

The Percentage of persons aged less than 15 years is 42.3% of the total population, of which 42.8% for males and 41.9% for females, while those aged 65 year and over were estimated to 3.3% of total population in Jerusalem governorate.

The total dependency ratio in Jerusalem governorate amounted to 83.8% distributed by 80.9% in Area J1 and 89.0% in Area J2, in comparison it amounted to 98.5% in the Palestinian Territory for the year 2002.

The percentage of the Palestinian refugees was amounted to 30.0% of the total population of Jerusalem governorate, of which 24.1% in Area J1 against 40.3% in Area J2.

The survey results indicated that 36.9% of the persons aged 15 years and over in Jerusalem governorate are never married or legally married distributed by 41.9% for males and 31.9% for females. On the contrary the percentage of the married persons in Jerusalem governorate amounted to 57.7% distributed by 56.8% for males and 58.6% for females.

The median age for the Palestinians in Jerusalem amounted to 18 years distributed by 19 years in Area J1 and 17 years in Area J2.

The result show that the median age at first marriage in Jerusalem governorate amounted to 24 years for males and 18 years for females, the average of household size is 5.4 persons, distributed by 5.3 persons in Area J1 and 5.6 persons in Area J2, in comparison with 6.4 persons in the Palestinian Territory, and 6.1 persons in the west Bank for the year 2002. On the other hand, the nuclear households constitutes 80% of the total private households in Jerusalem governorate while in the Palestinian Territory it constitutes 81.4%, and 81.7% in the west Bank for the year 2002.

3.2 Public Health:

The results show that 84.8% of persons in Jerusalem governorate reported to have some sort of health insurance (98.2% in Area J1 and 61.5% in Area J2) compared with 74.3% in the Palestinian Territory and 67.9% in the West Bank for the year 2002. Concerning the most used health insurance in Jerusalem governorate, 80.1% reported to use Israeli insurance (Cubat Holim) (97.8% in Area J1 and 30.9% in Area J2), 16.3% for governmental1 insurance (0.1% in Area J1 and 51.1% in Area J2).

The results reveal that 27.2% of persons aged 18 years and over in Jerusalem governorate are practice smoking habit (26.9% in Area J1 and 27.7% in Area J2), of which 40.3% for males and 4.0% for females, in comparison with 22.1% in the Palestinian Territory and 23.9% in the West Bank for the persons aged 12 years and over in the year 2000.

Concerning the age groups of persons who practice smoking habit in Jerusalem, the percentage was 21.0% for the age group 18-24 years, 30.9% for 25-34 years, 31.4% for 35-44 years, 30.2% for 45-54 years, 27.1% for 55-64 years, and 20.1% for those 65 years and over.

Results also indicate that 6.5% of total persons in Jerusalem governorate are suffering from cronic disease, 3.0% suffer from diabetes and 3.2% have blood pressure.

3.3 Education:

The results indicate that the enrollment rate in kindergartens amounted to 45.3% of total persons (4-5 years) in Jerusalem governorate (46.6% in Area J1 and 43.3% in Area J2), the schools enrollment rate amounted to 39.4% of total persons aged 5 years and over (38.8% in Area J1 and 40.6% in Area J2). This ratio was 28.9% for the persons aged 5 years, 97.9% for the age group (6-11 years), 97.9% for persons (12-14 years), 78.0% for (15-17 years) and 8.7% for the age group (18 yeas and over).

The total enrolled children in kindergartens are distributed by supervising authority as 71.1% supervised by private sector (56.8% in Area J1 against 98.3% in Area J2), while the total enrolled students in education are distributed supervising authority as 43.3%, in governmental schools (28.8% in Area J1 and 69.3% in Area J2), 27.1% in Israeli municipality and cultural committee schools (40.1% in Area J1 against 5.1% in Area J2), 20.6% in private schools (24.8% in Area J1 and 13.7% in Area J2), and 8.7% in UNRWA schools (7.3% in Area J1 and 11.2% in Area J2).

For the enrolled students in the higher education distributed by the type as 70.9% in the Palestinian universities (66.3% in Area J1 against 78.5% in Area J2).

The results show that the illiteracy rate in Jerusalem governorate amount to 6.6% of total persons aged 15 years and over (5.6% in Area J1 and 8.5% in Area J2), and diby sex as 3.8% for males and 9.4% for females, while the illiteracy rate amount to 9.0% in the Palestinian Territory (4.7% for males and 13.6% for females) and 8.8% in the West Bank (3.9% for males and 13.7% for females), for the year 2002.

The drop-out rate in Jerusalem governorate amount to 23.5% of total persons aged 5 years and over (21.5% in Area J1 and 27.0% in Area J2)

3.4 Mass Media:

The results show that 18.3% of the households in Jerusalem usually obtain the newspapers (daily, weekly or monthly) or the periodical magazines, 40.0% of the households obtain it some times and 41.7% of the households dont obtain it.

About 47.6% of the households who have children (6-17 years) in Jerusalem governorate read newspapers, 47.4% of them read magazines, 65.8% listen to radio, 95.1% watch television, 43.1% use computer, and 20.5% use the internet. The results show also that 64.9% of the households who have persons (18 years and over) read newspapers, 49.8% read magazines, 76.2% listen to radio, 94.6% watch television, 28.6% use the computer, and 15.5% use the internet.

3.5 Labor Force:

The results indicate that the labor force participation rate for persons aged 15 years and over in Jerusalem governorate was 38.3% (36.7% in Area J1 and 41.2% in Area J2), compared with 38.8% in the Palestinian Territory and 39.7% in the West Bank in the first quarter 2003.

Unemployment rate in Jerusalem gorvernorate for persons aged 15 years and over was 24.5% (19.3 in Area J1 and 33.0% in Area J2) compared with 30.3% in the Palestinian Territory and 31.3% in the West Bank in the first quarter 2003.

Employed persons in Jerusalem governorate are distributed by employment status as follows: 6.8% employers, 12.0% self employed, 79.6% wage employees and 1.6% unpaid family member. The distribution of employed persons in Jerusalem governorate by occupation as follows: 22.8% craft and related trade workers (23.5% in Area J1 and 21.2% in Area J2), 22.8% professionals technicians, associates and clerks (23.5% in Area J1 and 21.4 in Area J2), 19.8% elementary occupations (15.8% in Area J1 and 27.8% in Area J2), 17.3% service, shop, market workers, 12.0% plants and machine operators, 5.0% legislators and senior officials, and 0.3% skilled Agricultural workers (0.2% in Area J1 and 0.5% in Area J2).

3.6 Housing and Housing Conditions:

The average number of rooms per housing unit in Jerusalem governorate was 3.1 rooms, of which 2.9 rooms in Area J1 and 3.5 rooms in Area J2, compared with 3.3 rooms in the Palestinian Territory for the year 2002. The average housing density in Jerusalem governorate was 1.7 persons per room (1.8 persons per room in Area J1 and 1.6 persons per room in Area J2), compared with 2.1 persons per room in the Palestinian Territory for the year 2002.

The housing units of 48.1% of the households in Jerusalem governorate are connected to Arabic water network, while 49.9% connected to Israeli water network, on the contrary about 88.2% of the housing units where connected to Arabic electricity network while 11.0% connected to Israeli network, and the percentage housing units connected to a sewage network amounted to 70.7% of total households in Jerusalem governorate.

One quarter of Jerusalem households has computer, compared with 11.5% in the West Bank and 9.5% in the Palestinian Territory for the year 2002, about 7.1% of the households in Jerusalem governorate have internet service, compared with 2.9% in the Palestinian Territory and 4.1% in the West Bank in 2002. The percentage of the households who have Television set in Jerusalem governorate amount to 96.8%, compared with 92.7% in the Palestinian Territory and 93.7% in the West Bank in 2002. About 72.4% of the households in Jerusalem governorate have Satellite compared with 46.1% in the Palestinian Territory and 48.7% in the West Bank for the year 2002.

3.7 Living Levels:

The survey results show that the wages from the private sector is the main source of household income for 28.5% of households in Jerusalem governorate, (23.6% in Area J1 and 37.5% in Area J2), then the income from the Israeli sectors which was 22.6% (26.2% in Area J1 and 16.2% in Area J2), and the income from the allowance of national insurance as main source of income for 19.6% (29.2% in Area J1 and 2.2% in Area J2), while the income from the households businesses as main source of income was 14.1% (12.3% in Area J1 and 17.3% in Area J2). In comparison with the West Bank, the wages from the private sector as the main source of the household income was 25.1% of the households in the west Bank, then the households businesses amount to 20.7% of the households, while the wages from the government was 12.4% and the wages from the Israeli sector was 8.5% of the households in the West Bank. (The impact of Israeli measures of the economic conditions of the Palestinian households Survey, Fifth quarter, 2003)

Chapter Four

Methodology

4.1 The Survey Questionnaire:

In addition to the identification information, quality control, interviewing schedule, and interview results, the Household Social Survey of Jerusalem 2003 questionnaire contains the following parts:

1. Household roster: This part contains the household roster, demographic and social characteristics for all household members, including refugee status, smoking habit, availability of health insurance, marital status, age at first marriage, and duration of marriage, this part included also labor force data which refers to previous week before visiting household, occupation, economic activity, place of work, employment status and wages. It included also items about educational enrollment, type of educational institution, completed years of schooling, educational attainment, and drop-out from schools.
  1. Housing questionnaire: includes questions on housing conditions, such as type of housing unit, tenure, area, number of rooms, connection to the public networks (water, electricity, sewage), and this part contains questions about the main source of energy used in the housing unit, problems surrounded the housing unit (noise, smelling, dusty, smoke) by source and time of these problems, solid waste collection methods, availability of durable goods, and the number of the units the household can build in the next decade.

3. Culture and Mass Media questionnaire: this part asking about obtaining newspapers, participation in cultural and public activities and asking questions about the membership in the cultural institutions.

4. Agricultural Holding questionnaire: includes questions about availability of agricultural holding for households, type, area and livestock by type.

5. Living Levels and allowances questionnaire: includes living levels for household, main and secondary sources of income, change in income during intifada, average monthly consumption, in addition to food modules, assistance received during last 12 months by type, value and the source of the assistance.

Households allowances and taxes, the impact of Israeli measures on Palestinian households in Jerusalem governorate, including confiscation of IDs, estates and demolishing or closing houses and other properties.

6. Security and Justice questionnaire: includes questions about criminal offense that the households or any of its member has been exposed to during previous 12 months by type of criminal offense, number of times, perpetrator, place of occurrence, reported, and type of harms.

4.2 Sample and Sampling Frame:

Target Population:

The target population consists of all Palestinian households that usually reside in Jerusalem governorate (Area J1 and Area J2).

Sampling Frame:

The sampling frame is consists of enumeration areas (EA) in Jerusalem governorate. The frame of Area J1 was derived from the listing project which was conducted in 1999, while the frame of Area J2 was derived from the Population, Housing, and Establishments Census-1997.

Sample Size:

The overall size was 3,627 households in Jerusalem governorate, of which 2,502 households in Area J1 (including 1,048 households Jerusalem (Al-Quds)), and 1,125 households inArea J2.

Sample Design:

The sample design of the survey is stratified multi stage random sample with two stages:

First stage: stratified random sample of enumeration areas was selected from Jerusalem governorate (Area J1 and Area J2), the number of selected enumeration areas was 146 in Jerusalem governorate distributed to 107 in Area J1 and 39 in Area J2.

Second Stage: occurs in the field, households enumerated from the beginning of the selected enumeration area until completing 20 households per area (except all selected enumeration areas exist in Jerusalem (Al Quds) locality in area J1 which should have 21 completed questionnaires). Listing procedure used in population census was conducted in this survey.

Response Rate:

The percentage of the completed questionnaires in Jerusalem governorate was 82.8%, of which 88.9% in area J1, 69.2% in area J2 and 88.8% in Jerusalem (Al Quds) locality. While the response rate in the governorate was amount to 85.6%; distributed to 89.5% in Area J1, 76.3% in Area J2 and 89.2% in Jerusalem (Al Quds) locality.

4.3 Pilot Study:

Pilot survey is considered as a main part in the preparing stage for any survey, the aim of the pilot study was to test all activities related to the main survey, the questionnaire, training, survey instructions and procedures, sample, conducting the interview, data entry, and data processing.

The pilot study took place in October 2002, it was conducted in four enumeration areas; Jerusalem (Al Quds) and Beit Hanina in Area J1, Ar Ram and Dahiyat al Bareed, and Qalandiya Camp in Area J2. the sample size was 76 households, of which 51 questionnaires completed, the pilot fieldwork started on 21\10\2002 for four days.

The survey results were evaluated using several means through conducting debriefing meeting with fieldwork team; changes in the survey plan were required.

4.4 Fieldwork Operations:

Recruitments:

In spite of difficulties in availability of the fieldwork team in Jerusalem governorate especially in Area J1, the minimum number of the fieldworkers were saved, and this is one of the reasons for expanding the survey timetable. PCBS screened all available applicants, designed a scale to rank applicants using objective criteria. Subsequently, 17 interviewers, supervisors and editors were selected to work in the survey, the fieldwork team was divided into groups, each one consists of 3-5 interviewers, supervisor and coder, and again increased the team in Area J1 with another fieldwork team consists of 12 interviewers and supervisors to finish the work.

Training:

The draft fieldwork manual prepared for the pilot survey was reviewed, edited, and utilized for training. The main training was conducted for the main survey through a 7-day intensive training course. The training materials consisted of the following basic survey documents: questionnaires and interviewer and supervisors instruction manual, objectives and organization of the survey and also detailed explanation in all parts of the questionnaire, in addition to the methodology, using maps and data processing, principles of interviewing include demonstration of interview through role-playing and practice interviews, the training was done by specialists trainers from PCBS.

Data Collection:

Data collection started in the same designated date in Jerusalem Governorate J1 and J2 areas in December 11th, 2002. But, because of the difficulties faced, and to make continuation with work in Area J1, we resorted to a new team for working in Area J1. Fieldwork was completed in Area J2 on January 6th, 2003, while in Area J1 it was completed on March 13th, 2003 because of Israeli closure, which imposed a number of field difficulties.

4.5 Supervision:

Special forms were designed in order to control accomplishment processes, receiving and handling questionnaires between all supervising levels, a supervisor had to prepare a daily progress report about the work, contains number of completed or incompleted questionnaires and refused cases. Due many difficulties in data collection period, project management was unable to visit fieldworkers on continuous basis; only fieldwork supervisors were able to carry out such duty especially in Area J1. So, fieldwork supervisors had to be able to meet, visit, and communicate with the fieldworkers, checking and controlling fieldworkers, and ensure continuity of fieldwork during times of curfew, returning incorrect questionnaires to the filed to be completed again, make reports about the daily work, and send it to project management to take decision.

4.6 Obstacles of Fieldwork Supervision:

The fieldwork supervision encountered the following obstacles:

  1. Project technical team was unable to meet, visit, or communicate with the fieldworkers except using telephone, fax, and circulations.
  2. There were difficulties in transferring the completed questionnaires and also returning incorrect questionnaires form or to field work.
  3. Difficulties in checking and controlling fieldworkers or daily basis.

4.7 Measures of Data Quality:

A set of rules and measures have been taken to ensure data quality:

  • Supervisors were responsible for data quality in the field. A supervisor was the only person to follow up the field team and to evaluate their work through revising the questionnaires and attending interviews.
  • Completed questionnaires were revised by the editor, to ensure that the fieldworkers have completed all questions, followed up skips, accurate calculation of age, and completed all data for eligible children and women.
  • Fieldwork coordinators carried out quick revision of samples of received questionnaire at headquarters. Field coordinators also followed up questionnaires to be returned to the field with the editors.

4.8 Data Processing:

The statistical package BLAISE was used in data entry, which was organized in a number of files corresponding to the main parts of the questionnaire. A data entry template was designed to reflect an exact image of the questionnaire. It included various electronic checks such as logical check, consistency checks, and cross-validation. Continuously thorough checks on the overall consistency of the data files and sample allocation were sent back to the field for corrections.

Data entry started on December 18th, 2002 and finished on March 26th, 2003. Data cleaning and checking processes were initiated simultaneously with the data entry. Thorough data quality checks and consistency checks were carried out. SPSS for Windows version 10.0 was used to perform final tabulation of results.

Chapter Five

Data Quality

5.1 Introduction:

Since the data collection of this survey based on a sample, it is subject to have two main types of errors: sampling errors and non-sampling errors.

Sampling errors are random outcomes of the sample design, and are therefore easily measurable. Non-sampling errors can occur at the various stages of the survey implementation in data collection and data processing, and are generally difficult to be statistically evaluated. They cover a wide range of errors, including errors resulting from non-response, sampling frame coverage, and data processing and response (both respondent and interviewer-related). The use of effective training and supervisions and the careful design of questions as measures have direct bearing on the magnitude of non-sampling errors, and hence the quality of the resulting data

5.2 Data Evaluation:

The following items were used to evaluate the data:

  1. Definition of the household and registration of the members.
  2. Demographic characteristics related to date of birth.
  3. Details in recording of occupation and economic activities data.
  4. Housing unit and date of completing construction .

Definition of the Household and Registration of the Members:

In the training course, it has been concentrated on the definition of the household in all parts of the questionnaire, and when can fill a questionnaire for it, all these definitions must be common at all trainees, with concentrated on household membership definition which included in addition to all membership in the household, travelers for short period, students, workers weeklyor monthly returned back, new births still in hospitals, prisoners and married sons, and didnt include households visitors in the housing unit, also In the training course, it has been concentrated on how to be registered and sorted them in the questionnaire.

Demographic Characteristics Related to Date of Birth:

The age was obtained for all members in the household by date of birth, which obtains from birth certificate or IDs card or any other official documents. Date of birth is very important for other questions in the questionnaire, and for these persons who havent any official document, the age should be estimated by any historical occasion or age of other persons in the same generation, estimating ages make them little accurate.

The accuracy of obtaining date of birth is very important for other questions in the questionnaire, these questions were concentrated on limited age groups such as; education, labor force, smoking, marital status, and ages were calculated it by subtraction between date of the interview and date of birth.

Evaluation of Ages:

Demographic data are particularly subjected to various other sources of non-sampling errors, and there are standard techniques to assess the seriousness of these errors. The quality of the age data is of particular importance in demographic surveys, because the age distribution is needed for various demographic purposes.

Age reporting errors result from incorrect responses during enumeration, misunderstanding of the questions concerning age, mistakes during data entry, or more importantly in our context, respondents not knowing their exact age. Age reporting errors occur in all surveys and this one is not an exception. However, the amount and seriousness of errors varies among different surveys. It should be mentioned that questions were asked about both completed age and dates of birth in this survey, and official documents were used whenever possible to obtain these data.

A standard way to evaluate the data to check the extent of age heaping in convenient digits, using Wipple index, Myers and Bachi indices.

The age distribution and the sex ratios by age found in the data are quite consistent with those found in other sources. Both the indices results and the various checks for external validity indicate that the age data are of very good quality.

Details of Occupation and Economic Activities:

The most accurate of these questions depends on the details of description of both occupation and economic activities. Occupation is defined as a type of persons working, and economic activities is a type of working for institutions which persons work in, this type of question should be coded to deal with it, and the most description gives easy coding.

Evaluation of these questions by comparing these indicators of this survey with other survey, and the result of the comparison is that the logical and percentages of occupation and economic activities were approached to each other in the both surveys, the household social survey and the labor force survey (first quarter 2003), which had been conducted in the same period, methodology, and same age groups persons.

The various checks and comparisons performed on the survey data indicate that the demographic data appear to be of reasonable quality.

The Year of Finished Building Construction:

This is one of the housing and housing condition questions, in the pilot, the percentage of the answer dont know was realized bit large in the answering of this question, so in the main survey, and to avoid that, the answer of this question was changed and make it easy, by dividing the years into groups (periods), most between historical occasion, such as; first world war, war 1948, and so on. And the answer will be by writing the symbol of suitable answer, then the percentage of the answer dont know in the survey get more smaller than the pilot.